The Caroline Minuscule

After Charlemagne came to power in 768, he asked a revision of the books of the Church.
The result was the Caroline minuscule, a true small type with definite classic ancestry she was used as the same way as the lower case (capitals started the sentence)

Post-Caroline Hands:
by the 11th century the calligrapher managed in reducing round forms and then finally eliminating them, to acquire a completely different rhythm.
Roman Capitals have been described as having a breathing rhythm, the gothic lower case has the pattern of a picket fence
It was known in the 14th cent as black letter, that served as model for the type used in the Gutenberg 42-line Bible

The Renaissance of Roman Hand : ’scrittura umanistica’
15th Century the Renaissance had rekindled enthusiasm for classic culture and calligraphers sought
The humanistic script was a more compressed letter than its caroline predecessor but significantly rounder than the northern gothics